Once a baseline calibration is performed and the first reference plane is established, the calibration can be extended further to a new reference plane utilizing an "ExtendWith" or manual calibration routine. When a calibration reference plane is extended, the error terms are cascaded mathematically from the baseline reference plane to the extended reference plane using a characterized reciprocal 2-port S-Parameter file (the deembed file, in s2p format) and then saved as a new CalSet on the PNA.

Extending a calibration to a further plane (see Calibrations that extend a reference plane) can be performed utilizing several automated techniques:

  • Extend with PNA Measure
    • DeembeddingCal - for use when a cal device does not remain in-line
  • Extend with FCM File
  • Extend with Local File


Or, manually (see Manual Calibrations) using:

  • Short, Open, and Load measurements.
  • AMB Split measurements.


The deembed file used to extend a reference plane can be measured automatically, by a manual calibration type, or provided by the user. The PNA can be used to measure and calculate the deembed file to the input of an calibration device automatically. The FCMs have stored in their directory a deembed file that allows the reference plane to be extended from the input to the output of the FCM. To extend a reference plane beyond the output of the FCM to a DUT, the path must be characterized and a 'local" deembed file.